/**@class android.app.Service implements android.content.ComponentCallbacks2 @extends android.content.ContextWrapper A Service is an application component representing either an application's desire to perform a longer-running operation while not interacting with the user or to supply functionality for other applications to use. Each service class must have a corresponding {@link android.R.styleable#AndroidManifestService <service>} declaration in its package's <code>AndroidManifest.xml</code>. Services can be started with {@link android.content.Context#startService Context.startService()} and {@link android.content.Context#bindService Context.bindService()}. <p>Note that services, like other application objects, run in the main thread of their hosting process. This means that, if your service is going to do any CPU intensive (such as MP3 playback) or blocking (such as networking) operations, it should spawn its own thread in which to do that work. More information on this can be found in <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/fundamentals/processes-and-threads.html">Processes and Threads</a>. The {@link android.app.IntentService} class is available as a standard implementation of Service that has its own thread where it schedules its work to be done.</p> <p>Topics covered here: <ol> <li><a href="#WhatIsAService">What is a Service?</a> <li><a href="#ServiceLifecycle">Service Lifecycle</a> <li><a href="#Permissions">Permissions</a> <li><a href="#ProcessLifecycle">Process Lifecycle</a> <li><a href="#LocalServiceSample">Local Service Sample</a> <li><a href="#RemoteMessengerServiceSample">Remote Messenger Service Sample</a> </ol> <div class="special reference"> <h3>Developer Guides</h3> <p>For a detailed discussion about how to create services, read the <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/fundamentals/services.html">Services</a> developer guide.</p> </div> <a name="WhatIsAService"></a> <h3>What is a Service?</h3> <p>Most confusion about the Service class actually revolves around what it is <em>not</em>:</p> <ul> <li> A Service is <b>not</b> a separate process. The Service object itself does not imply it is running in its own process; unless otherwise specified, it runs in the same process as the application it is part of. <li> A Service is <b>not</b> a thread. It is not a means itself to do work off of the main thread (to avoid Application Not Responding errors). </ul> <p>Thus a Service itself is actually very simple, providing two main features:</p> <ul> <li>A facility for the application to tell the system <em>about</em> something it wants to be doing in the background (even when the user is not directly interacting with the application). This corresponds to calls to {@link android.content.Context#startService Context.startService()}, which ask the system to schedule work for the service, to be run until the service or someone else explicitly stop it. <li>A facility for an application to expose some of its functionality to other applications. This corresponds to calls to {@link android.content.Context#bindService Context.bindService()}, which allows a long-standing connection to be made to the service in order to interact with it. </ul> <p>When a Service component is actually created, for either of these reasons, all that the system actually does is instantiate the component and call its {@link #onCreate} and any other appropriate callbacks on the main thread. It is up to the Service to implement these with the appropriate behavior, such as creating a secondary thread in which it does its work.</p> <p>Note that because Service itself is so simple, you can make your interaction with it as simple or complicated as you want: from treating it as a local Java object that you make direct method calls on (as illustrated by <a href="#LocalServiceSample">Local Service Sample</a>), to providing a full remoteable interface using AIDL.</p> <a name="ServiceLifecycle"></a> <h3>Service Lifecycle</h3> <p>There are two reasons that a service can be run by the system. If someone calls {@link android.content.Context#startService Context.startService()} then the system will retrieve the service (creating it and calling its {@link #onCreate} method if needed) and then call its {@link #onStartCommand} method with the arguments supplied by the client. The service will at this point continue running until {@link android.content.Context#stopService Context.stopService()} or {@link #stopSelf}() is called. Note that multiple calls to Context.startService() do not nest (though they do result in multiple corresponding calls to onStartCommand()), so no matter how many times it is started a service will be stopped once Context.stopService() or stopSelf() is called; however, services can use their {@link #stopSelf}(int) method to ensure the service is not stopped until started intents have been processed. <p>For started services, there are two additional major modes of operation they can decide to run in, depending on the value they return from onStartCommand(): {@link #START_STICKY} is used for services that are explicitly started and stopped as needed, while {@link #START_NOT_STICKY} or {@link #START_REDELIVER_INTENT} are used for services that should only remain running while processing any commands sent to them. See the linked documentation for more detail on the semantics. <p>Clients can also use {@link android.content.Context#bindService Context.bindService()} to obtain a persistent connection to a service. This likewise creates the service if it is not already running (calling {@link #onCreate} while doing so), but does not call onStartCommand(). The client will receive the {@link android.os.IBinder} object that the service returns from its {@link #onBind} method, allowing the client to then make calls back to the service. The service will remain running as long as the connection is established (whether or not the client retains a reference on the service's IBinder). Usually the IBinder returned is for a complex interface that has been <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/aidl.html">written in aidl</a>. <p>A service can be both started and have connections bound to it. In such a case, the system will keep the service running as long as either it is started <em>or</em> there are one or more connections to it with the {@link android.content.Context#BIND_AUTO_CREATE Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE} flag. Once neither of these situations hold, the service's {@link #onDestroy} method is called and the service is effectively terminated. All cleanup (stopping threads, unregistering receivers) should be complete upon returning from onDestroy(). <a name="Permissions"></a> <h3>Permissions</h3> <p>Global access to a service can be enforced when it is declared in its manifest's {@link android.R.styleable#AndroidManifestService <service>} tag. By doing so, other applications will need to declare a corresponding {@link android.R.styleable#AndroidManifestUsesPermission <uses-permission>} element in their own manifest to be able to start, stop, or bind to the service. <p>As of {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#GINGERBREAD}, when using {@link Context#startService(Intent) Context.startService(Intent)}, you can also set {@link Intent#FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION Intent.FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION} and/or {@link Intent#FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION Intent.FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION} on the Intent. This will grant the Service temporary access to the specific URIs in the Intent. Access will remain until the Service has called {@link #stopSelf}(int) for that start command or a later one, or until the Service has been completely stopped. This works for granting access to the other apps that have not requested the permission protecting the Service, or even when the Service is not exported at all. <p>In addition, a service can protect individual IPC calls into it with permissions, by calling the {@link #checkCallingPermission} method before executing the implementation of that call. <p>See the <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/security/security.html">Security and Permissions</a> document for more information on permissions and security in general. <a name="ProcessLifecycle"></a> <h3>Process Lifecycle</h3> <p>The Android system will attempt to keep the process hosting a service around as long as the service has been started or has clients bound to it. When running low on memory and needing to kill existing processes, the priority of a process hosting the service will be the higher of the following possibilities: <ul> <li><p>If the service is currently executing code in its {@link #onCreate onCreate()}, {@link #onStartCommand onStartCommand()}, or {@link #onDestroy onDestroy()} methods, then the hosting process will be a foreground process to ensure this code can execute without being killed. <li><p>If the service has been started, then its hosting process is considered to be less important than any processes that are currently visible to the user on-screen, but more important than any process not visible. Because only a few processes are generally visible to the user, this means that the service should not be killed except in low memory conditions. However, since the user is not directly aware of a background service, in that state it <em>is</em> considered a valid candidate to kill, and you should be prepared for this to happen. In particular, long-running services will be increasingly likely to kill and are guaranteed to be killed (and restarted if appropriate) if they remain started long enough. <li><p>If there are clients bound to the service, then the service's hosting process is never less important than the most important client. That is, if one of its clients is visible to the user, then the service itself is considered to be visible. The way a client's importance impacts the service's importance can be adjusted through {@link Context#BIND_ABOVE_CLIENT}, {@link Context#BIND_ALLOW_OOM_MANAGEMENT}, {@link Context#BIND_WAIVE_PRIORITY}, {@link Context#BIND_IMPORTANT}, and {@link Context#BIND_ADJUST_WITH_ACTIVITY}. <li><p>A started service can use the {@link #startForeground(int, android.app.Notification)} API to put the service in a foreground state, where the system considers it to be something the user is actively aware of and thus not a candidate for killing when low on memory. (It is still theoretically possible for the service to be killed under extreme memory pressure from the current foreground application, but in practice this should not be a concern.) </ul> <p>Note this means that most of the time your service is running, it may be killed by the system if it is under heavy memory pressure. If this happens, the system will later try to restart the service. An important consequence of this is that if you implement {@link #onStartCommand onStartCommand()} to schedule work to be done asynchronously or in another thread, then you may want to use {@link #START_FLAG_REDELIVERY} to have the system re-deliver an Intent for you so that it does not get lost if your service is killed while processing it. <p>Other application components running in the same process as the service (such as an {@link android.app.Activity}) can, of course, increase the importance of the overall process beyond just the importance of the service itself. <a name="LocalServiceSample"></a> <h3>Local Service Sample</h3> <p>One of the most common uses of a Service is as a secondary component running alongside other parts of an application, in the same process as the rest of the components. All components of an .apk run in the same process unless explicitly stated otherwise, so this is a typical situation. <p>When used in this way, by assuming the components are in the same process, you can greatly simplify the interaction between them: clients of the service can simply cast the IBinder they receive from it to a concrete class published by the service. <p>An example of this use of a Service is shown here. First is the Service itself, publishing a custom class when bound: {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/LocalService.java service} <p>With that done, one can now write client code that directly accesses the running service, such as: {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/LocalServiceActivities.java bind} <a name="RemoteMessengerServiceSample"></a> <h3>Remote Messenger Service Sample</h3> <p>If you need to be able to write a Service that can perform complicated communication with clients in remote processes (beyond simply the use of {@link Context#startService(Intent) Context.startService} to send commands to it), then you can use the {@link android.os.Messenger} class instead of writing full AIDL files. <p>An example of a Service that uses Messenger as its client interface is shown here. First is the Service itself, publishing a Messenger to an internal Handler when bound: {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/MessengerService.java service} <p>If we want to make this service run in a remote process (instead of the standard one for its .apk), we can use <code>android:process</code> in its manifest tag to specify one: {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/AndroidManifest.xml remote_service_declaration} <p>Note that the name "remote" chosen here is arbitrary, and you can use other names if you want additional processes. The ':' prefix appends the name to your package's standard process name. <p>With that done, clients can now bind to the service and send messages to it. Note that this allows clients to register with it to receive messages back as well: {@sample development/samples/ApiDemos/src/com/example/android/apis/app/MessengerServiceActivities.java bind} */ var Service = { /** Flag for {@link #stopForeground}(int): if set, the notification previously provided to {@link #startForeground} will be removed. Otherwise it will remain until a later call (to {@link #startForeground(int, android.app.Notification)} or {@link #stopForeground}(int) removes it, or the service is destroyed. */ STOP_FOREGROUND_REMOVE : "1", /** Flag for {@link #stopForeground}(int): if set, the notification previously provided to {@link #startForeground} will be detached from the service. Only makes sense when {@link #STOP_FOREGROUND_REMOVE} is <b>not</b> set -- in this case, the notification will remain shown, but be completely detached from the service and so no longer changed except through direct calls to the notification manager. */ STOP_FOREGROUND_DETACH : "2", /** Bits returned by {@link #onStartCommand} describing how to continue the service if it is killed. May be {@link #START_STICKY}, {@link #START_NOT_STICKY}, {@link #START_REDELIVER_INTENT}, or {@link #START_STICKY_COMPATIBILITY}. */ START_CONTINUATION_MASK : "15", /** Constant to return from {@link #onStartCommand}: compatibility version of {@link #START_STICKY} that does not guarantee that {@link #onStartCommand} will be called again after being killed. */ START_STICKY_COMPATIBILITY : "0", /** Constant to return from {@link #onStartCommand}: if this service's process is killed while it is started (after returning from {@link #onStartCommand}), then leave it in the started state but don't retain this delivered intent. Later the system will try to re-create the service. Because it is in the started state, it will guarantee to call {@link #onStartCommand} after creating the new service instance; if there are not any pending start commands to be delivered to the service, it will be called with a null intent object, so you must take care to check for this. <p>This mode makes sense for things that will be explicitly started and stopped to run for arbitrary periods of time, such as a service performing background music playback. */ START_STICKY : "1", /** Constant to return from {@link #onStartCommand}: if this service's process is killed while it is started (after returning from {@link #onStartCommand}), and there are no new start intents to deliver to it, then take the service out of the started state and don't recreate until a future explicit call to {@link Context#startService Context.startService(Intent)}. The service will not receive a {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} call with a null Intent because it will not be restarted if there are no pending Intents to deliver. <p>This mode makes sense for things that want to do some work as a result of being started, but can be stopped when under memory pressure and will explicit start themselves again later to do more work. An example of such a service would be one that polls for data from a server: it could schedule an alarm to poll every N minutes by having the alarm start its service. When its {@link #onStartCommand} is called from the alarm, it schedules a new alarm for N minutes later, and spawns a thread to do its networking. If its process is killed while doing that check, the service will not be restarted until the alarm goes off. */ START_NOT_STICKY : "2", /** Constant to return from {@link #onStartCommand}: if this service's process is killed while it is started (after returning from {@link #onStartCommand}), then it will be scheduled for a restart and the last delivered Intent re-delivered to it again via {@link #onStartCommand}. This Intent will remain scheduled for redelivery until the service calls {@link #stopSelf}(int) with the start ID provided to {@link #onStartCommand}. The service will not receive a {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} call with a null Intent because it will only be restarted if it is not finished processing all Intents sent to it (and any such pending events will be delivered at the point of restart). */ START_REDELIVER_INTENT : "3", /** Special constant for reporting that we are done processing {@link #onTaskRemoved}(Intent). @hide */ START_TASK_REMOVED_COMPLETE : "1000", /** This flag is set in {@link #onStartCommand} if the Intent is a re-delivery of a previously delivered intent, because the service had previously returned {@link #START_REDELIVER_INTENT} but had been killed before calling {@link #stopSelf}(int) for that Intent. */ START_FLAG_REDELIVERY : "1", /** This flag is set in {@link #onStartCommand} if the Intent is a retry because the original attempt never got to or returned from {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)}. */ START_FLAG_RETRY : "2", /**Return the application that owns this service. */ getApplication : function( ) {}, /**Called by the system when the service is first created. Do not call this method directly. */ onCreate : function( ) {}, /** @deprecated Implement {@link #onStartCommand(Intent, int, int)} instead. */ onStart : function( ) {}, /**Called by the system every time a client explicitly starts the service by calling {@link android.content.Context#startService}, providing the arguments it supplied and a unique integer token representing the start request. Do not call this method directly. <p>For backwards compatibility, the default implementation calls {@link #onStart} and returns either {@link #START_STICKY} or {@link #START_STICKY_COMPATIBILITY}. <p class="caution">Note that the system calls this on your service's main thread. A service's main thread is the same thread where UI operations take place for Activities running in the same process. You should always avoid stalling the main thread's event loop. When doing long-running operations, network calls, or heavy disk I/O, you should kick off a new thread, or use {@link android.os.AsyncTask}.</p> @param {Object {Intent}} intent The Intent supplied to {@link android.content.Context#startService}, as given. This may be null if the service is being restarted after its process has gone away, and it had previously returned anything except {@link #START_STICKY_COMPATIBILITY}. @param {Number} flags Additional data about this start request. @param {Number} startId A unique integer representing this specific request to start. Use with {@link #stopSelfResult(int)}. @return {Number} The return value indicates what semantics the system should use for the service's current started state. It may be one of the constants associated with the {@link #START_CONTINUATION_MASK} bits. @see #stopSelfResult(int) */ onStartCommand : function( ) {}, /**Called by the system to notify a Service that it is no longer used and is being removed. The service should clean up any resources it holds (threads, registered receivers, etc) at this point. Upon return, there will be no more calls in to this Service object and it is effectively dead. Do not call this method directly. */ onDestroy : function( ) {}, /** */ onConfigurationChanged : function( ) {}, /** */ onLowMemory : function( ) {}, /** */ onTrimMemory : function( ) {}, /**Return the communication channel to the service. May return null if clients can not bind to the service. The returned {@link android.os.IBinder} is usually for a complex interface that has been <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/aidl.html">described using aidl</a>. <p><em>Note that unlike other application components, calls on to the IBinder interface returned here may not happen on the main thread of the process</em>. More information about the main thread can be found in <a href="{@docRoot}guide/topics/fundamentals/processes-and-threads.html">Processes and Threads</a>.</p> @param {Object {Intent}} intent The Intent that was used to bind to this service, as given to {@link android.content.Context#bindService Context.bindService}. Note that any extras that were included with the Intent at that point will <em>not</em> be seen here. @return {Object {android.os.IBinder}} Return an IBinder through which clients can call on to the service. */ onBind : function( ) {}, /**Called when all clients have disconnected from a particular interface published by the service. The default implementation does nothing and returns false. @param {Object {Intent}} intent The Intent that was used to bind to this service, as given to {@link android.content.Context#bindService Context.bindService}. Note that any extras that were included with the Intent at that point will <em>not</em> be seen here. @return {Boolean} Return true if you would like to have the service's {@link #onRebind} method later called when new clients bind to it. */ onUnbind : function( ) {}, /**Called when new clients have connected to the service, after it had previously been notified that all had disconnected in its {@link #onUnbind}. This will only be called if the implementation of {@link #onUnbind} was overridden to return true. @param {Object {Intent}} intent The Intent that was used to bind to this service, as given to {@link android.content.Context#bindService Context.bindService}. Note that any extras that were included with the Intent at that point will <em>not</em> be seen here. */ onRebind : function( ) {}, /**This is called if the service is currently running and the user has removed a task that comes from the service's application. If you have set {@link android.content.pm.android.app.ServiceInfo#FLAG_STOP_WITH_TASK android.app.ServiceInfo.FLAG_STOP_WITH_TASK} then you will not receive this callback; instead, the service will simply be stopped. @param {Object {Intent}} rootIntent The original root Intent that was used to launch the task that is being removed. */ onTaskRemoved : function( ) {}, /**Stop the service, if it was previously started. This is the same as calling {@link android.content.Context#stopService} for this particular service. @see #stopSelfResult(int) */ stopSelf : function( ) {}, /**Old version of {@link #stopSelfResult} that doesn't return a result. @see #stopSelfResult */ stopSelf : function( ) {}, /**Stop the service if the most recent time it was started was <var>startId</var>. This is the same as calling {@link android.content.Context#stopService} for this particular service but allows you to safely avoid stopping if there is a start request from a client that you haven't yet seen in {@link #onStart}. <p><em>Be careful about ordering of your calls to this function.</em>. If you call this function with the most-recently received ID before you have called it for previously received IDs, the service will be immediately stopped anyway. If you may end up processing IDs out of order (such as by dispatching them on separate threads), then you are responsible for stopping them in the same order you received them.</p> @param {Number} startId The most recent start identifier received in {@link #onStart}. @return {Boolean} Returns true if the startId matches the last start request and the service will be stopped, else false. @see #stopSelf() */ stopSelfResult : function( ) {}, /** @deprecated This is a now a no-op, use {@link #startForeground(int, Notification)} instead. This method has been turned into a no-op rather than simply being deprecated because analysis of numerous poorly behaving devices has shown that increasingly often the trouble is being caused in part by applications that are abusing it. Thus, given a choice between introducing problems in existing applications using this API (by allowing them to be killed when they would like to avoid it), vs allowing the performance of the entire system to be decreased, this method was deemed less important. @hide */ setForeground : function( ) {}, /**If your service is started (running through {@link Context#startService(Intent)}), then also make this service run in the foreground, supplying the ongoing notification to be shown to the user while in this state. By default started services are background, meaning that their process won't be given foreground CPU scheduling (unless something else in that process is foreground) and, if the system needs to kill them to reclaim more memory (such as to display a large page in a web browser), they can be killed without too much harm. You use {@link #startForeground} if killing your service would be disruptive to the user, such as if your service is performing background music playback, so the user would notice if their music stopped playing. <p>Note that calling this method does <em>not</em> put the service in the started state itself, even though the name sounds like it. You must always call {@link #startService}(Intent) first to tell the system it should keep the service running, and then use this method to tell it to keep it running harder.</p> <p>Apps targeting API {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#P} or later must request the permission {@link android.Manifest.permission#FOREGROUND_SERVICE} in order to use this API.</p> <p>Apps built with SDK version {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#Q} or later can specify the foreground service types using attribute {@link android.R.attr#foregroundServiceType} in service element of manifest file. The value of attribute {@link android.R.attr#foregroundServiceType} can be multiple flags ORed together.</p> @param {Number} id The identifier for this notification as per {@link NotificationManager#notify(int, Notification) NotificationManager.notify(int, Notification)}; must not be 0. @param {Object {Notification}} notification The Notification to be displayed. @see #stopForeground(boolean) */ startForeground : function( ) {}, /**An overloaded version of {@link #startForeground(int, android.app.Notification)} with additional foregroundServiceType parameter. <p>Apps built with SDK version {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#Q} or later can specify the foreground service types using attribute {@link android.R.attr#foregroundServiceType} in service element of manifest file. The value of attribute {@link android.R.attr#foregroundServiceType} can be multiple flags ORed together.</p> <p>The foregroundServiceType parameter must be a subset flags of what is specified in manifest attribute {@link android.R.attr#foregroundServiceType}, if not, an IllegalArgumentException is thrown. Specify foregroundServiceType parameter as {@link android.content.pm.ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MANIFEST} to use all flags that is specified in manifest attribute foregroundServiceType.</p> @param {Number} id The identifier for this notification as per {@link NotificationManager#notify(int, Notification) NotificationManager.notify(int, Notification)}; must not be 0. @param {Object {Notification}} notification The Notification to be displayed. @param {Number} foregroundServiceType must be a subset flags of manifest attribute {@link android.R.attr#foregroundServiceType} flags. @throws IllegalArgumentException if param foregroundServiceType is not subset of manifest attribute {@link android.R.attr#foregroundServiceType}. @see android.content.pm.ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MANIFEST */ startForeground : function( ) {}, /**Synonym for {@link #stopForeground}(int). @param {Boolean} removeNotification If true, the {@link #STOP_FOREGROUND_REMOVE} flag will be supplied. @see #stopForeground(int) @see #startForeground(int, Notification) */ stopForeground : function( ) {}, /**Remove this service from foreground state, allowing it to be killed if more memory is needed. This does not stop the service from running (for that you use {@link #stopSelf}() or related methods), just takes it out of the foreground state. @param {Number} flags additional behavior options. @see #startForeground(int, Notification) */ stopForeground : function( ) {}, /**If the service has become a foreground service by calling {@link #startForeground(int, android.app.Notification)} or {@link #startForeground(int, android.app.Notification, int)}, {@link #getForegroundServiceType}() returns the current foreground service type. <p>If there is no foregroundServiceType specified in manifest, {@link android.app.ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_NONE} is returned. </p> <p>If the service is not a foreground service, {@link android.app.ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_NONE} is returned.</p> @return {Number} current foreground service type flags. */ getForegroundServiceType : function( ) {}, /** @hide */ attach : function( ) {}, /** @hide Clean up any references to avoid leaks. */ detachAndCleanUp : function( ) {}, };